Cotton farming guide — Kenya

Soil requirements, top counties, seed varieties, fertilizer plan & economics

Interested in starting or scaling cotton farming in Kenya? This comprehensive guide maps out the optimal soil requirements (such as target pH ranges), the most suitable counties for growing cotton, certified seed varieties, seasonal fertilizer guidelines, and a detailed per-acre production budget to set you up for a successful harvest.

Soil requirements

pH range
5.8–8
Nitrogen
medium
Phosphorus
medium
Potassium
medium
Preferred texture: Clay

Optimizing soil and fertilizers for Cotton in Kenya

To achieve maximum yields when farming cotton in Kenya, managing soil suitability is crucial. This crop performs best within a soil pH range of 5.8 to 8. Soils that fall outside this range can lock out essential macro and micro-nutrients, leading to stunted growth or crop failure. For acidic soils, applying dolomitic or calcitic agricultural lime is recommended at least 30 days before planting to normalize acidity.

Fertilizer application should be calibrated based on the crop’s nutrient demands. Cotton has a medium nitrogen requirement, medium phosphorus requirement, and medium potassium demand. Using certified seed varieties suited for your specific altitude and rainfall pattern, combined with a precise basal and top-dressing program (such as applying CAN at Week 4–6 after emergence), ensures high crop quality and protects your overall farm investment.

Best counties for Cotton

Challenging counties for Cotton

These counties may need soil amendments for Cotton

Certified seed varieties

KSA 81MDryland/Medium
KALRO · 150-180 days · 10-15 bags/acre
Medium staple; adapted to western Kenya conditions.
HART 89MDryland
KALRO · 140-170 days · 8-12 bags/acre
Good lint quality; tolerant to bacterial blight.

Economics

Market priceKES 68/kg
Expected yield900 kg/acre

Est. revenueKES 61,200/acre

Top dressing

Product: CAN
Timing: Week 4–6 after emergence
Bags/acre: 0.5

Apply at squaring stage for boll development.

Fertilizer prices

DAPKES 2,500
CANKES 2,500
NPK 17:17:17KES 2,500
UreaKES 2,500
LimeKES 1,500

Subsidized price / 50kg bag

Check your county for Cotton