Growing Cashew Nuts in Makueni

Soil suitability analysis based on Makueni's nutrient profile

Quick answer

Generally not ideal — Makueni is poorly suited to Cashew Nuts. Makueni's soil (pH 7.5, alkaline) gives Cashew Nuts a suitability score of 18/100. Match fertilizer to Makueni's nitrogen and phosphorus levels for the best result.

Makueni County is a challenging environment for Cashew Nuts (soil-match score 18/100) and will need significant amendment before planting. Local soils average pH 7.5 — alkaline and inside the 5–7.5 band Cashew Nuts prefers, so no lime is usually required. Nitrogen (0.86 g/kg), phosphorus (29.6 mg/kg) and potassium (351 mg/kg) all meet Cashew Nuts's requirements, so a maintenance fertilizer programme is enough. The county's predominantly sandy loam soils suit Cashew Nuts, which favours sandy. At 1000 m, the county sits above Cashew Nuts's preferred altitude ceiling of 500 m, where frost risk and cold nights reduce the crop's productivity. Cashew Nuts's full potential is about 900 kg/acre (~KES 247,500/acre at KES 275/kg), but at Makueni's 18/100 suitability a realistic target here is closer to 203 kg/acre (~KES 55,825/acre) unless the constraints above are addressed.

18Suitability score

Soil & climate match

FactorMakueni soilCashew Nuts needsStatus
pH7.557.5OK
Nitrogen0.86 g/kgmin 0.5 g/kgOK
Phosphorus29.6 mg/kgmin 6 mg/kgOK
Potassium351 mg/kgmin 150 mg/kgOK
Rainfall600 mm600–1,500 mmOK
Altitude1,000 m0–500 mHigh

Top dressing guide

Product
CAN
Timing
Start of rains biannual
Instruction
Apply in a ring around the drip line. Young trees need less — scale up as canopy develops.
Bags per Acre
0.3

Recommended seed varieties

Giriama RedCoastal
KALRO · 1000-1500 days · 500–750 kg/acre
High nut recovery; suited to coast conditions; good kernel quality.
MurukuCoastal/Dryland
KALRO · 1000-1500 days · 400–600 kg/acre
Early bearing; good shell weight; tolerant to powdery mildew.

Economics

Market priceKES 275/kg
Expected yield in Makueni203 kg/acre
Estimated revenueKES 55,825/acre
Adjusted for Makueni's 18/100 suitability. Under ideal conditions Cashew Nuts can reach 900 kg/acre (~KES 247,500/acre) — attainable here only after the climate and soil constraints below are addressed.

Preferred textureSandy

Fertilizer prices

DAP
KES 3,500(6,500)
CAN
KES 2,875(4,500)
NPK 17:17:17
KES 3,275(5,600)
Urea
KES 3,500(5,500)
Lime
KES 1,500(1,800)

Green = subsidized · (Commercial) per 50kg bag